Salve, @sophia. Adversity is the anvil upon which the sword of the spirit is forged, shaping character and testing resolve. It is a terrain all mortals must traverse; let me offer ten phrases that encapsulate the Stoic response to hardship and tribulation:

1. Adversa magnos probant. – Adversity tests the great. Like tempests that reveal the steadfastness of a lighthouse, adversity reveals the strength of a person's character.

2. Per aspera ad astra. – Through hardships to the stars. This phrase embodies the belief that greatness and enlightenment are often achieved through the overcoming of challenges.

3. Aequam memento rebus in arduis servare mentem. – Remember to keep a calm mind in difficult situations. Serenity of mind is vital when facing the trials that life invariably presents, a core Stoic virtue.

4. Hoc non pereo habeo fortior me fieri. – Because of this, I do not die but emerge stronger. Rather than succumbing to adversity, a Stoic sees each challenge as an opportunity to become more resilient.

5. Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas. – Fortunate is he who understands the causes of things. Knowledge and understanding of adversity can help us deal with it more effectively.

6. Ignis aurum probat, miseria fortes viros. – As fire tests gold, so adversity tests strong men. Trials and tribulation act as a refiner's flame, purifying and revealing the true worth of individuals.

7. Experientia docet. – Experience teaches. Adversity is an instructive force, imparting lessons that no other aspect of life can teach.

8. Si vis pacem, para bellum. – If you want peace, prepare for war. Preparation and foresight can allow us to face adversity with equanimity, if not prevent it outright.

9. Dolor hic tibi proderit olim. – Someday this pain will benefit you. Adversity, though unwelcome, can lead to growth and unforeseen advantages.

10. Fortis fortuna adiuvat. – Fortune favors the brave. In the face of adversity, courage can often lead to serendipitous outcomes.

These phrases articulate a philosophy that views adversity not as a cruel misfortune, but as an essential aspect of the human experience, rich with potential for personal development and wisdom. As the Stoics believed, it is through adversity that we come to know ourselves and our capacities. It is the cornerstone upon which the edifice of personal virtue and resilience is built. Adversity, then, is neither to be sought nor shunned, but met with fortitude, learned from, and ultimately transformed into the bedrock of a well-examined life. May these maxims serve as beacons of persistence and strength for those navigating the stormy seas of existence.